In short: the em-dash cannot be used in Spanish like any of those English examples, except perhaps 2(a). In doing so, the em dash acts similarly to commas, semicolons, colons, and parentheses. The dash works somewhat like parentheses or commas, but it is used where a stronger punctuation is needed. Resume the dialogue with another opening quotation mark, complete the dialogue, and end with a period and a closing quotation mark. It is used in place of ‘to’ or ‘through’. A hyphen (-) is shorter still. Interrupters—like this right here—are words, phrases, or clauses that break the flow of writing. Many authors and publications choose to use a space either side of the dash, and even sometimes an en dash in place of an em dash. 1. Don’t use end quotes between paragraphs of speech. Em Dash vs. Mistakes with hyphens are very common: leaving them out when they’re needed, adding them when they’re unnecessary, or putting them. What you read in the Diccionario panhispánico de dudas is correct: only parenthetical remarks and dialogues are correct uses of the em-dash in Spanish. If you guessed that it’s as wide as the letter “M,” you get a gold star. " "The sixth edition. An em-dash can be used alone, as in this example from the online The Punctuation Guide: After months of deliberation, the jurors reached a unanimous verdict—guilty. ) You can achieve that. 89), would be to only use an em dash after a period if the period marked an abbreviation: An em dash derives its name from being the approximate width of a capital M. You will find this material in chapters 8–12. En & Em Dashes While sometimes used in other styles to indicate a range of time, AP Style does not use en dashes. Most authorities, including The Chicago. The en dash is a punctuation mark that is slightly longer than a hyphen (-) but shorter than an em dash (—). ColonsFrom The Punctuation Guide : “The em dash is perhaps the most versatile punctuation mark. Question mark! Exclamation point, Comma; Semicolon: Colon-Hyphen – En dash — Em dash. 2, Period, Question Mark, Exclamation Point, Question Mark, Placement], is never combined with another exclamation point, question mark, period, semicolon, colon, or comma; thus, there is no comma in the first example below. Aether (or æther) is an obsolete spelling of the noun with various definitions relating to air, chemical compounds, and nonexistent clear elements filling outer space. There are two common types of dashes: en dash and em dash which vary in length. ” Correct. For example: C++ is a rich language—one requiring extensive experience to fully understand. When a pair of em dashes sets off material ending with an exclamation point or a question mark, the mark is placed inside the dashes. In traditional Japanese, questions were simply punctuated with a full stop rather than a question mark. Example Parentheses: After three weeks on set, the cast was fed up with his direction (or, rather, lack of direction). First, there are two kinds of dashes, called en dashes and em dashes. When injecting a descriptive clause into a sentence, you are free to use em dashes, commas, or parentheses. However, despite its flexibility, it can only be used. It was originally a humorous and slightly sanitized version of the curse word, but it has become the standard form. When typing, use two hyphens together without spaces to form a dash. In informal writing, feet and inches are sometimes expressed as, for example, 5′ 10″ (read: five feet and ten inches). Do not combine the dash with any mark of punctuation other than quotation marks, the question mark, the exclamation mark and occasionally the period. And like a colon, it can introduce a word or a clause that describes or expands upon what precedes it. The word “em” is actually a typographical unit of measurement. g. However, the semicolon, colon, dash, question mark, and exclamation point fall outside of the quotation marks (unless, of course, the quoted material has internal punctuation of its own). And an example:There are 14 punctuation marks that are used in the English language. An em dash is longer than the en. 🙽. " I know you can replace em dashes with — and n-dashes with – (which should be done on the input side of your database); I don't know what the correct replacement for the smart quotes would be. That may occasionally appear in old writing, where em dashes after commas and semicolons are more common. The dashes are more prominent, and thus suggest a more prominent comment. Don’t be confused: punctuation can change!) Also, em dashes don’t get along with periods at all. The en-dash is commonly used to show range as in dates (e. The final, foolproof way to type an em dash in Word is to go to the. Example: apple orchard–scented candle. k. If your teacher says not to use it then do not use it for work that is submitted to your teacher. ] There’s even more explanation: If the break belongs to the surrounding sentence rather than to the quoted material, the em dashes must appear outside the quotation marks. (We won’t get into the serial comma issue here. In English, there is no space between the word preceding the punctuation mark and the punctuation mark itself. Picture the em dash the same width as the letter “M” and the en dash the same width as the letter “N. Joined: May 14, 2009. Quotation from wiki ( Em dash) When an actual em dash is unavailable—as in the ASCII character set—a double ("--") or triple hyphen-minus ("---") is used. This is more of a life lesson rather than a question of if an em dash is formal or informal. As noted, MS Word and other word processors substitute an em dash for two hyphens, whereas TeX uses three hyphens. Ron Barrett. It can be used in the middle of a sentence. The general rule is that a sentence ends with only one terminal punctuation mark. 1. ” But the width of the two dashes isn’t the only thing that separates the two. When listing information, you may use the em dash between the list and independent clause when the list comes first. Do not put a space before or after the dash. The em dash is created by typing two hyphens on a computer keyboard. Or. The en dash (–) is one-half the width of an em. AP style calls for a space on both sides of an em dash, but most other styles, including MLA and APA, omit the spaces. &bull First item in the list. A dash is a punctuation mark that resembles a hyphen, but longer. Example: “I didn’t say—”. Go to the system preferences and choose "Language & Text". This appears when you move the pointer over the corrected hyphen. In the image below (1) is a hyphen, (2) is an en dash and (3) is the em dash. Note that although this answer cites only CMOS, I'm fairly confident (based on experience) that most major style. Most commonly, a dash connects an independent clause with another, with a. 1. A colon is a more formal but weaker punctuation mark than an em dash. The em dash (—) is twice as long as the en. Dashes set off loosely related comments and sudden breaks in thought. It’s a long dash, the length of two connected hyphens. The 2010–2011 season was our best yet. First, one is longer: The em dash (—) → which is like two hyphens joined together. En dashes are incredibly useful punctuation marks, used to add extra emphasis to a sentence or statement. Clark went to the Miami Heat – Boston Celtics game. (stenoscript) When used as punctuation, an en or em dash is doubled, like a long ⹀, to distinguish it from its phonetic use. 1)”Can we go to the cinema?” she asked. A hyphen (-) is a punctuation mark that’s used to join words or parts of words. Once again, the em-dash adds more emphasis than the traditional punctuation mark. This method can get messy if you have more than two speakers in a conversation, so use it with care. Easily find character codes for the HTML # sign, HTML @ symbol (at symbol), HTML percent sign, HTML ampersand (& HTML code), HTML copyright symbol and HTML caret insertion point, along with regular punctuation like the question mark, exclamation point, non-breaking hyphen, non-breaking space and more. An em-dash is used to show a break in thought—not in velocity—within a sentence (for not the greatest example). Since code page 437 does not include the en dash character, any system using that code page will have to resort to a fallback mechanism to render the file names, such as a question mark. En dashes are shorter than em dashes, and they indicate a range or connection between numbers or words. U+1F67D. In the image below (1) is a hyphen, (2) is an en dash and (3) is the em dash. In general it is the same length as an em-dash, and so this is often used instead. There are two alternatives: (1) shitted, which appears about once for every instance of shat; and (2) shit, uninflected in the past tense. "Four!"Em Dash (—) Question Mark (?) Slash (/). Insert em Dash. There are many ways to use dashes in writing. Two em dashes can be used to indicate missing portions of a word, whether unknown or intentionally omitted. To properly use the em dash, spaces should not be placed around it unless the text is being italicized. paxdiablo. The em dash helps separate the parts of a sentence. S. , 1 May–13 June) To divide a compound adjective with two equal parts (e. — Question Mark. And be careful to not mix different punctuation marks. Acting as a comma. Em dashes can be used to. Check out all the nuances of this tricky punctuation mark. Use the en dash ("short dash") to join inclusive numbers:. The example I saw comes from a tweet, reproduced here for convenience: "For today in the city of David there has been born for you a Savior—not a divine social justice warrior, not a liberation. 88 Em dashes with “that is,” “namely,” “for example,” and similar expressions; 6. Hold down. On Macs, the long dash symbol situation is much easier. The ellipsis suggests that Isaac cannot concentrate. Press the spacebar. No comma is implied. Follow the end quotation mark with an em dash and the action or thought and then another em dash. Hyphen A handy guide full of rules and examples so you can use the hyphen with confidence. An em dash is a punctuation mark that can be used to replace commas, parentheses, colons, and semicolons. Em dashes can replace ellipses to show an abrupt break in a conversation. Question marks, exclamation points, and dashes fall inside or outside closing quotations. Em dash—press option+shift+hyphen key. ’ — Eleanor Roosevelt. Like the em dash, the en dash is typically available on your word processor’s symbol map, or it may even be inserted automatically by your word processor when you type inclusive numbers or dates with a hyphen between them. The hex number is case-insensitive,. The space needed after these punctuation marks is proportioned automatically. The Oxford Manual of Style once stated, “If you take hyphens seriously, you will surely go mad. Thoreau believes that “if one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life. In this century, the shorter one is preferred in all main varieties of English. You can use it at the end of a broken-off phrase, or if a. If your style guide calls for spaces around a dash, you use a different character altogether, the "en-dash. However, The Oxford Style Manual notes that “many British publishers use an en rule with. The long dash is the widest of the three horizontal marks that may be used in the middle of a sentence. The en dash will appear in the text field where your cursor is. Em dashes are most often used in pairs to call a reader’s attention to the material they set off, making words, phrases, or clauses particularly dramatic or emotional. When it comes at the end of a list, put a comma before it if you use the serial comma and don’t if you don’t use the serial comma. Em dashes (—) are extremely versatile. Character encoding is a link between the visual representation of a character (like a registration mark or em-dash) and the bytes that store them in memory. En dashes are used to indicate relationships or interactions and ranges. Em dashes (also known as m-dashes or em rules). The Spanish names for the hyphen, en-dash and em-dash are guión, semiraya o raya menor, and raya, respectively. The em dash should be used sparingly in your writing. The en dash, often overlooked, is a punctuation mark that can be used in place of an em dash. An em dash creates an interruption in a sentence like a semicolon, but with flair (we’re partial). Example em dashes: Upon discovering the errors—all 124 of them—the publisher. Em dashes are most often used in pairs to call a reader’s attention to the material they set off, making words, phrases, or clauses particularly dramatic or emotional. If you're including terminal punctuation (period, question mark, exclamation mark), your speaker's sentence isn't being interrupted, so you wouldn't use em dashes at all. If you type in two hyphens/minus without a space before or after, most word processors automatically convert it into an em dash. For windows, you can hold down the ‘Alt’ and ‘-‘ key and you will get an en dash. 5. drutgat • 2 yr. The web's most comprehensive guide to American punctuation. The following example from Toni Morrison’s Beloved shows both uses: “Nothing bad can happen to her. Mark said: “I am confused if I should finish them with one of the final stop punctuation marks (when, as I read, 1- every sentence must be finished by an appropriate punctuation mark [the final stop], and 2- neither the dash nor the ellipsis are the final stop punctuation marks). The report covers the period 1998–1999. net web application. The em-dash would indicate something like raising the eyebrows right at the end, or tilting the head down and looking up from under the. At the word level, hyphens differentiate parts of words to help in readability. It has three primary functions: to connect two words and make them into a compound, to separate parts of a word at the end of a line, and to separate a prefix or suffix from a root word. Em dashes are used to replace commas, parentheses, colons, and semicolons. C. The em dashes are used here to indicate that the information within them is rather shocking. ”. That doesn't change the fact that in 60 years of reading, I've never come across a trust-worthy writer using any dash directly after a comma, nor. And an example:There are 14 punctuation marks that are used in the English language. The em dash (—) is a versatile punctuation mark used to enhance the readability and clarity of written text. Write an em dash. An em dash is a punctuation mark used in writing to denote a break or pause. – this would be the correct answer because the question is asked within the quotation marks so the question mark must appear here too. By and large, an em dash serves to insert a break in your thought without ending your thought entirely. ” The longer em dash (—) is used to separate extra information or mark a break in a sentence. Em dash. apostrophe. While closely related to other dashes—like the en dash (–) and hyphen (-)—the em dash serves a unique role in typography. An en dash is. This is giving me writer's block and the paper is due tomorrow. Perhaps the most versatile punctuation mark, the em dash can take the place of commas, parentheses, or colons. Quotation marks may be used to indicate that the. However, it depends on the usage and meaning. Examples. It can also be used to indicate each person’s speech in a dialogue. ”Command for an Em dash on a mac : Shift-Option-Hyphen; Command for an Em dash on Microsoft Word : Alt + Ctrl + (minus) Em dash in HTML : — or — En Dash. 857k 235 1581 1959. This makes them a useful punctuation mark when we want to convey an argument or rapid back-and-forth dialogue between characters. I now seem to be able to do this if I type a character - any character - after the dash, then type the curly end quote mark, and then backspace. It is used to break up a longer sentence, usually to insert a phrase into the middle or end of a. Here are the code points for the Unicode dashes that are of the Common script, along with their general categories. 1 Answer. Em Dashes. To be effective, the exclamation point should be used in moderation. This technique is best suited for creative or informal writing. Two types of dashes are used in punctuation: the em-dash (—) and the en-dash (–). Who doesn’t like dashes as emphasis techniques? Just consider the. By changing the console code page to something that does support the en dash character, such as 1252, this problem may be corrected. An em dash is often used to indicate a break in thought in a sentence. This type of dash is usually used to omit a person's name or. An ellipsis is a punctuation mark consisting of three periods in a row. An em dash or a pair of em dashes may indicate a sudden break in thought or sentence structure or an interruption in dialogue. 4. ) To offset additional information just like commas and. — Lo siento, no lo sabía. These, along with the other 12, are all listed neatly and explained for you here. En dash ( –) When connecting two words to signify a range, Chinese generally uses an en dash occupying the space of one character (e. The en dash (–) → which is like a slightly longer hyphen. apostrophe. Perhaps the most versatile punctuation mark, the em dash can take the place of commas, parentheses, or colons. No commas following the em dashes. The em dash, also known as the mutton dash or em rule, refers to the em. is omitted in deference to the question mark". Type this sign on Mac, press and hold the Command (⌘) key and the hit the M key. 91 Em dashes in lieu of quotation marks; 6. Adashisthe punctuation name for a mark that used to separate words into statements. They are named en dashes but they are as wide as the letter N. ”. In fiction, the em dash almost always appears with no spaces around it. Hyphens are used to create compound words like: Load-bearing; Well-loved; Great-looking; Less-commonly used punctuation marks Interrobang. And be careful to not mix different punctuation marks. Yeah, it could be seen as completed, but in that case the em-dash adds a bit of expression that wouldn't be there without it. I know I could—and probably should—just remove the question mark, having only the em dash for separation, but then that gets rid of that question-like tone I want the reader to have. It thus performs many of the same functions as commas, parentheses, and colons, but with a bit more drama—a “wait for it” tension that tends to lend emphasis to whatever it introduces. Though not necessarily a matter of punctuation, there is one important distinction between American and British usage when it comes to dates. For example: It depends on trust — it always has. Type another word. This is a common editing mark and has several uses, but its primary purpose is to separate clauses and huge parts of the sentence. In Unicode, the em dash is U+2014 (decimal 8212). the question mark. Like parentheses, the em dash can set off nonessential elements; but it does the parentheses one better—it can also set off essential elements. In fiction, as in other kinds of writing, you'll still want to use the em dash to indicate. It gets its name from its size which is the. 5. Incorrect. Please read pages 70–77 in your text. And Words into Type, third edition (1974), without referring explicitly to dashes, also agrees: Direct questions. ” Em dashes are the most versatile, nuanced, and. An ellipsis suggests a slight pause, as if one thing happens and then the other. MLA doesn't touch on more than 2 subtitles; however, there is a syntax for a work with more than one title which makes use of ; or, as the delimiter, so perhaps stay away from using semicolons. This usage explains the dialog part of your question. Follow the end quotation mark with an em dash and the action or thought and then another em dash. Depending on the context, the em dash can take the place of commas, parentheses, or colons—in each case to slightly different effect. Google Docs: Type two hyphens in a row (it will become an en dash) If you’re using Microsoft Word, you can use autoformat to create an en dash. En dashes (–) represent a range between numbers, dates, and times. To type an em dash in Microsoft Word, press the Option + Shift + hyphen keys (on Mac OS). Identify the sentence that is punctuated correctly. It has two main functions. If the parentheses include an exclamation or question mark: Our road trip to Florida — we love to drive to see all the sights on the way! — took three days to. En Dash: –. . DASHES. There should be no space between the en dash and the adjacent material. Depending on the context, the en dash is read as “to” or “through. Dashes are used in the following five ways: To show in ranges for numbers or dates (e. Em-dashes. How to type — Em Dash?. (I usually just replace all curly single quotes with ' and all curly. g. Actual output : 1993 1995 Expected output : 1993 – 1995 I have done the UTF-8 encoding in Java but still getting the same output in the excel. Depending on the context, the em dash can take the place of commas, parentheses, or colons—in each case to slightly different effect. There are many uses for elipses and dashes. punctuation. Em dashes can be used in the following ways: 1. The misplacement of periods and commas is the most common mistake writers make when punctuating dialogue. We met during the 2011 – 2012 school year. . d) Working 9-5 daily, and keeping up with homework is difficult. A hyphen (-) is a punctuation mark used to connect two or more words (or parts of words) to show that they form one unit of sense—e. In Arabic, which is also written from right. Technically, the mark designating feet is a prime; the mark designating inches is a double prime. In particular, do not use the colon-dash (:—) to introduce a quotation or a list. 8. For example: (1) Em dashes can replace colons. It can either become: Woman: without her, man is nothing. 2. , page 387–459); while the hyphen is used to connect words that function together (e. (An em dash, or long dash, is used: in pairs, to mark off information or ideas that are not essential to an. The “slightly different” part is, to me, the em dash’s appeal summarized. Em Dash: Length: The em dash is the longest dash. Your specific issue regards "smart quotes," "em dashes" and "en dashes. Two hyphens typed together form a dash: (--). I tried using sharpkeys but it wouldn't let me use a chord, only single key press. “Wait!” she shouted. 1. ”. The main reason to use an em dash is to set off an explanation or an abrupt change in thought. […] All water from the streams; dead birds were found In wells a hundred feet below the ground Such was the season when the flower bloomed. Type a single dash or hyphen. In terms of punctuation marks like this, the em dash is the most extended dash, which can replace parentheses, colons, and commas. Hyphens are used to create compound words like: Load-bearing; Well-loved; Great-looking; Less-commonly used punctuation marks Interrobang. ”. ". If the information in parentheses has a question mark or an exclamation mark, use the punctuation mark inside the parentheses only if the sentence ends with a different mark. 8. en-dash — Midsized hyphen (–) named en-dash because the dash historically is the length of a lowercase m. In example 4, the 1st quote should be a complete sentence or an ellipse followed by a new paragraph describing Bob's face, followed by another paragraph with Peter's response. Intuition is important to survival: studies show that instinct can beat analytical thinking in a crisis. To show a break in narration or conversation in place of an ellipsis. If you want to stop -- from being turned into — (emdash) you need to use the + button and add a new rule to replace -- with -- (replace with itself) Or, right click in a text field and go to "Substitutions" and disable "Smart. 87 Em dashes for sudden breaks or interruptions; 6. Mac. Em dash character is not a part of ASCII character set. It also has several uses, which we will look at below. I'm working on being able to read transcripts of dialogue into R. It can have a couple of uses, but it’s most commonly used in representing a range of numbers. They can add more information to a sentence making it clearer and easier for the listener to imagine what is being described in detail. Mac. This means we only use one em dash instead of two when the interruption comes at. 3. AP and AMA style guides are agreed: em dash goes inside the quotes, and that's your punctuation. Semicolons separate two independent clauses. It's difficult for me to judge the tone of the sentence examples you used, so I can't give a specific suggestion. As shown above, em dashes are often left unspaced when used in this way. m. It should be noted that dashes are almost never required by the rules of grammar and punctuation. For your example: “Well, I thought you—” He stopped himself. Note: When the second clause expands on or explains the first, the colon is the better mark. Em dashes. You may see an EN dash used in the same way as the EM dash. 90 Em dashes and line breaks; 6. Commas and parentheses vs. Some authorities include a space between the uncertain word and the opening parenthesis; others omit the space (as shown in the example below). The closest thing I could find was this: Is it acceptable to place a dash after a question mark? An em dash—or dash for short—is a straight, horizontal line positioned about halfway between the bottom and top of a lower-case letter. 3. Em-dashes in Place of a Semicolon. You don’t need to worry about this; both en dashes and em dashes do the same job. Intuition is important to survival: studies show that instinct can beat analytical thinking in a crisis. . pages 11–23. . In general, em dashes should be avoided in formal writing because they are often used in place of necessary punctuation, parentheses, or further explanation. Nope, no need for spaces! In US English, there should only be a space before an em dash if it’s at the start of a sentence and after an em dash if it’s at the end of a sentence. 1973. you might notice em dashes and commas getting along just fine. Use a dash in dialogue to show an interruption or a sudden break in thought. The question mark can be used to indicate editorial uncertainty, either in parentheses or in brackets. [Emphasis mine. ” The slash is sometimes used to convey the same meaning. Consider the examples below:3. Being so versatile can create confusion if overused, therefore it is best limited to two appearances per sentence. parentheses. For the the complete list of the first 256 Windows ALT Codes, visit Windows ALT Codes for Special Characters & Symbols. The em dash in American English is a punctuation mark that helps to convey emphasis, introduction, interruption, or a swift change of thought. To type the — using the keyboard you can the Alt code from the shortcode section. This will insert the em dash symbol into your Word document. style guides frequently recommend using em dashes for the purposes above, while using en dashes for ranges, etc. Em dashes are the longest of the common dashes (I won’t be covering 2-em and 3-em dashes in this article) and are so named because they are the width of the letter “m. Just like in narrative, dashes can be used in dialogue to set off clauses within sentences. (Other things can do that too, but we’ll get to those in a bit. )This would usually be at the end of a phrase or sentence, which means it will be next to a piece of punctuation. Em dashes also substitute for something missing. In British usage, we use only a single hyphen to. Very heavy reverse solidus. An En dash is half the width of an Em dash. (Note that AP style does not use en-dashes. Comments. If a sentence ends with quoted material, the period is placed inside the closing quotation mark, even if the period is not part of the original quotation. It indicates that the width of a printed matter is equal to its point size or height. If you want to stop -- from being turned into — (emdash) you need to use the + button and add a new rule to replace -- with -- (replace with itself) Or, right click in a text field and go to "Substitutions" and disable "Smart. Notice in these examples, the em-dash has no spaces around it, while the en-dash does. In your question you took U+002D (CHR(45)) which is in ASCII - for sure this does make any problem. Actual output : 1993 1995 Expected output : 1993 – 1995 I have done the UTF-8 encoding in Java but still getting the same output in the excel. ) Serial Semi-Colon. According to CMOS, “in British usage, an en dash (with space before and after) is usually preferred to the em dash as punctuation in running text. Em Dashes Besides being my favorite piece of punctuation, an em dash (—) is used to indicate a break in thought or sentence structure, to introduce a phrase added for emphasis, definition, or explanation, or to separate two clauses. They also can be used to focus a reader or highlight tone within a. Type the keyboard shortcut or caret code into the Find what text box (see figure 4). Dash. [4] 3. Your specific issue regards "smart quotes," "em dashes" and "en dashes. It is longer than both the en dash and the hyphen, and its length is equal to the width of the letter “M” in the given font.